While an individual is in the United States as an immigrant worker, they are able to apply for green card. Some visas are considered non-immigrant visas and others are immigrant visas, meaning that the visa process is meant to include the green card application. The only immigrant visa I've included on this website is the EW3 visa and the others are nonimmigrant visas. 

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The Process

The individual (or company) must file the immigrant petition, which is the I-485 form. When it gets approved you will have to submit fingerprints and other forms of identification and then the last step is the interview. Shortly after, the decision will be made.